Poultry-Layers

Brief Introduction:

Poultry Farming is one of the many rewarding businesses in Uganda. It Can be done anywhere from rural to urban areas. Many poultry farmer do small scale rearing at the backyard of their homes in a space not exceeding 20feet by putting decked structures.

There are basically 3 common poultry rearing systems in Uganda depending on one's income ,space availability etc.

Cage System
Deep litter system
Free range

I. Cage system: The cage system of rearing birds has been considered as a super intensive system providing floor area of 0.6-0.75 sq.feet per bird. In cage the birds are kept in one, two or three per cage, arranged in single or double or triple rows.

Advantages
1. Greater number of birds is reared per unit of area
2. Facilitates correct maintenance of records
3. Helps in identifying poor producers and prompt culling
4. Control of vices of poultry cannibalism and egg eating
5. It helps in production of clean eggs
6. Removal of stress factors
7. Easy control of parasitic disease like coccidiosis and worm infestation
8. Prompt steps to control feed wastage.
9. The cage method of housing is ideal for the area of moderated climate conditions where the day temperature in summer does not high and temperature does not fall too low.
10. Egg production of caged layer was reported to be more then those kept in deep litter system.
11. Feed efficiency and egg weight were better in caged birds than the laying flock under deep litter system.

Disadvantages:
1. Difficulties in ensuring proper ventilation to birds especially in summer season and under very high densed conditions.
2. Incidence of leg problem, cage layer fatigue, fatty liver syndrome, flies and obnoxious gases in the house will be on increases
3. Hysteriosis of chicks

II. Deep litter system: Deep litter system is commonly used in Uganda. Its abit cheap but takes time to set the up the structures.

Advantages:
1. It is an economical
2. Hygienic, comfortable and safe to birds
3. Built up litter supplies vitamin B12 and Riboflavin to the birds
4. Controls diseases and vices
5. It increases the efficiency of production
6. Materials such as paddy husks saw dust, dried leaf, chopped straw and groundnut kernels depending upon the availability can be used as litter materials.

Points to be considered while adopting deep litter system
1. The deep litter system should always kept dry.
2. Only right numbers of birds should be housed
3. The house should be well ventilated
4. The litter should be stirred at least once in a week-wet litter if any should be replaced immediately with new dry litter and birds must be fed a balanced ratio.
5. The time starting deep litter system should be in the dry period of the year as it allows sufficient time (At least two months) for bacterial action.
6. Placing of water should be given due attention to keep litter dry.

III. Free Range system. Its the most practiced mode of poultry farming in Uganda especially rural areas.

Free Range poultry sytem

Advantages:

Its cheap
Birds get a balanced diet
Less stress
More strength of body and muscles

Disadvantages:

Less monitoring of birds as they loiter in the neighborhood
Prone to disease contamination
No security as they can be easily stolen

Venture:

Poultry-Layers

Venture Category:

Farming

Image:

Venture Size:

400 birds

Initial Capital Required:

3 Million

Initial Labour Units:

Atleast one person per 1000 birds

Initial Labour Cost:

Minimum 150,000/= depending on your burgaining power

Initial Inputs:

Laying Boxes,Feeders,Water drinking troughs,Poultry House,Brooder,Coffee husks, charcoal,Pots,Broiler starter Mash,Brooder paper, Vitamin Concetrates (Zygro Amilyte),Glucose(250mg in 10 litres water),Egg trays,Lighting,disinfectant, Spraying machine,syringes.Jerrycans, Basins, Feeds mixture composition formula if you intend to mix feeds for yourself(get a professional Vet consultant to give you a feeds mixture formula appropriate to your Birds)

Cost of Initial Inputs:

1000000

Variable Costs:

Water, feeds, vaccination

Fiexd Costs/Recurrent Expenditures:

water
Feeds
Vaccination
Labour

Optimal Venture Setting:

Preferably in a spacious place with adequate water supply since the 400 birds will consume atleast 6 (20litre) jerrycans per day (120litres) at laying stage

Available Market:

Almost every where market for Eggs is available. One tray of Eggs costs on average UGX Shs 9,000/=

Product Market Price:

A tray currently costs between 8500/= to 9500/= market price.

Brief Venture Description:

Poultry Start-up Initial Costs based on 400 Birds:

Initial Start-up Costs Minus Setting up brooder house: Stock taken on 16^th November 2018.

**Table1:Initial Start-up Costs Minus Setting up brooder house**
Item #	Item	Units	Cost+- @	SubTotal(UGXShs)
1	Chicks	400	5000	2,000,000
2	Brooder Paper	2	6000	12,000
3	Amino Acids+Vitamins(Amilyte)	1kg	100000	100,000
4	Glucose	10 packets	500	5,000
5	Feeds(Broilers Mash Starter)	70kgs		105,000
6	Egg Trays	10 pieces	600	6,000
7	Coffee husks	3 bags	12000	36,000
8	Charcoal	2 Sacks	85000	170,000
9	Charcoal Pots	4	5000	20,000
10	Disinfectant (Noro Cleanse	1 bottle	16000	16,000
11	Spray Machine/gun	1	60000	60,000
12	Jerry cans	4	10000	40,000
13	Water Drum	1	80000	80,000
14	Water Drinkers	20	5000	100,000
15	Wooden Feeders	10	3500	35,000
			TOTAL	2,785,000

Feeding costs excluding the first 1 month of broiler Starter feeding(Exclusively buy already mixed feeds from recognized , & trusted Feeds company- Say VET Feeds);

**Table 2: Feeding costs for the first 5 months excluding the first one month of Broiler starter feeding.**
Date	Cost of feeds	cost of Maize Bran	Sub_total(UGX Shs) Remark
3^rd Dec 2018	110000	N/A	~110,000 Fully mixed Feeds-Starter
10^th Jan 2019	281200	300000	~600,000 Started Mixing for own-self
22^nd Jan	280000	300000	~600,000
2^nd Feb	280000	300000	~600,000
13^th Feb	280000	300000	~600,000
4^th Mar	300000	300000	~600,000
28^th Mar	300000	300000	~600,000

CALCULATING THE ESTIMATED FEEDS COST BASED ON TH ABOVE TABLE:

From the above Table 2:

its assumed the total expenditure on feeds(Maize Bran + Nutrients) for the 20 days is ~=UGX 600,000/=
So in 1 day the 400 birds consume 600,000/20 = UGX 30,000/=
In one month (approx 30 days) = 30,000 * 30 = UGX 900,000/= ,1 birds consumes roughly UGX Shs 75 /=
So 100 birds consume 75*100= UGX Shs 7500/=
100 birds at laying optimum lay 3 Trays of eggs daily.
400 birds at optimum lay 3*4 =12 trays daily
1 tray of Eggs currently costs between UGX 8500/= & 9500 depending on burgaining power.
Assuming we sell at worst 8500, then 12 trays fetch 12*8500= UGX 102000/= per day. Which comes to 714,000/= per week , & UGX 2,856,000/= per month.
Profit per month = Total sales per month - Feeds expenditure per month = 2856,000-900,000= UGX 1,956,000 excluding other expenses

Hint: Roughly one bird would consume between UGX Shs 65 - 100 per day

Note:

1. The above calculations are computed basing on the current (2018) financial rates.

2. It recommended that one has to create a 2X2 Sq feet per layer bird deep litter poultry house.

Make room for good aeration
Ensure adequate security.
Note the Direction /Orientation of the Sun.

Layer Vaccinations:

**Table3: Vaccinations**
Day	Disease/Vaccination	Method
	Mareks + IBD Vaxxitek	Intramuscular spray
1	NCD + IB Live Vitabron	Spray
12-14	NCD + IB Live	Eye drop/drinking water
15-18	Gumboro Booster	Mouth Drop/drinking water
	NCD killed or NCD _ IB Live	Intramuscular /Drinking
WK6-8	Fowl Typhoid	Intramuscular
	Fowl Pox	Wing Tip
WK 8- 10	Fowl Cholera Optional	Subcutaneous injection
WK 12- 14	Fowl Typhoid	Intramuscular / Injection
	NCD + IB Live
WK16 – 18	De worming	Drinking water
WK 35	De worming

Vaccine Costs :

Gumboro vaccine currently costs 15,000/= for 1000 birds
NCD/IB costs 16,000/=
OTC costs 10,000/=

Feeds Constituents Based on 58 kgs of Maize Bran for Grower’s Mash

**Table 4: Feeds Constituents Based on 58 kgs of Maize Bran for Grower’s Mash**
Qty (Kgs)	Particular
58	Maize Bran
12	Maize Broken
8	Sun Flower
6	Cotton Seed cake
3	Soya Meal
5	Shells(Amasonko)/Lime
0.5(or 0.75)	Premix (General)
0.25	White salt
0.25	Brown Salt
100g	Toxin Binder
100g	Lysine
100g	Methonine
100g	Salinomycine
100g	Salcrub

Business Challenges:

Theft, price fluctuations, constant supply of feeds, water, Price fluctuations of feeds ingredients. Poultry needs not be established in noisy areas as this affects the laying process of birds.

Entreprenuer Contact:

Frank - 0702033733

Venture Consultant:

Tekida Dev't Association.,Whatsapp Group Link : https://chat.whatsapp.com/HyMlxciWpDTAdcMEaMOq

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